Ruby
Rubies are most famous for being bright red, however, they can also appear in shades of purple, brownish red and deep pink. The best coloured rubies are often described as ‘pigeon blood red.’ The colour is caused by the presence of chromium. Next to Red Diamonds, Rubies are probably the most expensive gem in the world in sizes over three carats.
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Corundum is the parent name for the variety gemstones Ruby and Sapphire. It is difficult to believe that Ruby, with its intense red colour, and the royal blue Sapphire are the same mineral. The names Ruby and Sapphire mean red and blue respectively. The first is derived from the Latin ‘rubber’ and the second from ‘sapphirus,’ which derives from a Greek word of similar spelling. Similar words are found in Persian and Hebrew, and the primary derivation, through uncertain, may have been Sanskrit. The name Corundum is derived from the Hindu word ‘kurand’ or ‘kuruvinda.’
Pure Corundum is colourless, only when impurities are present does the stone take on the colours of Ruby and Sapphire.
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